Online Exam Essay Example for Free

Online Exam Essay Answers processed and marks awarded Instantly. * View Results immediately upon Submission. * Generation of General Mark Lists Summary (Total marks Obtained) as well as Detailed (Topic Wise marks Obtained) * Individual Answer Sheets Generation. * The computerized examination system has a facility to Add students details, View Student List as well as Edit student details. Password based access (Authentication Via Sessions, password is stored as a MD5 hash in the database) for Individual Answer Sheet, General Mark Lists and Trends Graphs. * Trends Graph showing the number of students which have passed individual subjects . Trends Graph showing the number of students which have passed topic wise of each subject. * Trends Graph showing the number of students which have passed topic wise in each subject at the midterm as well as final exams. * The Exam Software is well suited to conduct competitive exams like recruitment exams and Common Extrance Tests (CET). Can Be Customised for any Educational Institution or Training Academy depending on your requirement The above details are of an Online Examination System developed for a leading Maritime Academy located in Goa, India. What Features Should be Included in Online Examination System With the development of the Internet technology, online examination has become more and more poular since it helps people save much energy and time. As an efficient and effective way of teaching and learning, online examination can prevent from cheating and ensure the fairness of the examination results. A good examination system should be developed based on the needs of a real examination. Here are some features an examination system should provide: Examination Instructions The examination instructions will show the basis contents of the examination and something that should be paid attention to. Usually the following elements such as total questions, full score, passing rate, passing score, time limit, etc. are included in the instructions page. Accessibility of Examination Content Preset accounts and passwords can be set to protect the contents. And participants can register themselves online. Only authorized users can take the assessment contents. What’s more, domain hosting limitations can be set. Even if the participants have downloaded the flash assessment, it can not be played. Valid Time of Examination Content The participants can log in the examination system with their accounts and passwords to access the relevant page to complete the testing in the valid time. The examination will be unavailable when the valid time expires. Time Limit of the Examination Participants may log in the system to take the examination after the start time. When the testing time is used up, the examination results will be submitted by participants. Even if the examination is not completely finished at that moment, it will be submitted to the reporting system too. The start time and end time will be recorded precisely in seconds. Time Reminder for the Examination The time reminder will tell the participants how much time left during their examination. When it comes to the end of the testing, some alter audio will remind you of submiting your examination paper. Submission Ways Two ways to submit your answers to the reporting system: 1. Submit one question at a time. 2. Submit all at once. The former one means the participants can not review and modify their answers to their submitted questions. However, with the latter way of submiting, the participants can review and modify their answered questions before they submit the final answers. Result Release Immediate release or timed release can be set to the examination. For some examinations consisting of objective questions, the scores can be calculated automatically when the testing is over. The participants can view the results instantly. If you don’t want the results to be viewed so early or there are some subjective questions needs manual grading, you can finish the grading job first and then the participants can visit the system website to check their testing results. Chapter 1: Preliminary Investigation about Existing System 1. 1 INTRODUCTION Modern technology has added a new ingredient to this mix the Internet. The Internet can be regarded as a cheaper and improved version of the self-education resources. Some people like to take exam in a classroom is traditional manual examination because they are happy to sit there and have the teacher tell them what to learn, and when they get stuck, they are happy that there is someone there to help them, and they enjoy the social environment while taking exam. The traditional approach to measuring a persons level of knowledge in a topic has been the examination. These days there is often more emphasis on internal assessments, which may consist of assignments and projects given out and then marked or assessed. However examinations remain a popular component of many assessments. Source: Phillip Dorrell (2006) The author have noticed that most students wanting to acquire an admission into higher problems usually find it hard to achieve because those institutions make it a requirement to for the students to attain English certification which would verify that the students do speak and understand English. In order to help students acquire these scores, the author took it as a challenge to develop a test engine which would allow students to get the scores with ease. Examinations have the advantages of confidence that a large number of students are all being assessed equally and reduced opportunity for cheating. Users can use the system for writing the test and know about the system functionality. An individual can make use of the system by login in and taking a test. The main aim of carrying out a preliminary investigation is to attain much knowledge about understanding of problem, defining the project scope and constraints, identifying the benefits, estimating the time. Manual Exam Manual Exam is sort of an assessment that is intended to measure an individuals knowledge, skill and aptitude of a certain student or individual. This is also commonly known to test takers as â€Å"Written Tests† and is a manual exam developer’s choice of which style or format to use in creating and developing a written administered on a sheet of paper. A test taker who takes a written test could respond to such specific test items by writing it down manually within a given space of an examination paper or any separate sheet of documenttest is usually given that there is no such standard of testing. Be that as it may, certain exam style format have become widely used than others. Online Exam Online examination is an assesment that use network connection or internet in its process. Individuals and students must sign in on an assessment program or web link by entering their username and password. Then they choose the course that will be tested and the student start answering the questions that is shown on the screen. After they have finished the examination, the student taking the exam must click on a certain button that would require finishing the examination process. Even though this seems easy, online examination has its advantages and disadvantages as well. The students who agree that online examination is good has many advantages. Online examination can make the student’s life easier because they don’t need any paper and pen to do the examination. Furthermore, online examination can be effective and efficient. The students don’t waste much time to answer the questions because they only click on the best answer that is provided. One other advantage of online examination is that we can know our scores just after the exam. Sometimes, instructors can be very busy on a given day and do not have any time to check the exams. Online examination can solve this problem. The instructor does not need to check all of the exams. Online examination can do

Marvells to His Coy Mistress: The Essence Of Time :: essays research papers

Marvell's "To His Coy Mistress": The Essence of Time The male species has a very creative mind. The creative mind becomes particularly active when the case involves the female species. In Andrew Marvell's "To His Coy Mistress," the author shows how his creative mind is put to use. Marvell, uses time in an attempt to manipulate his coy mistress. Time is depicted in three different manners. First, Marvell uses "ideal time." In ideal time, he tells how many years he would spend loving her if they were given the opportunity. He explains to his mistress that if time allowed, he would spend hundreds of years just to admire her physical being. Next, he implicates "real time," to persuade her to become accessible to him. In real time, Marvell gives examples of her aging and how she will go to the grave with her pride if she doesn't give in. Finally, the use of "optimum time" plays on her emotions of how sweet the opportunity to make love to her would be. Marvell tells his mistress that the act would be almost animalistic and intense. Throughout the poem, he uses the phases of time in an attempt to frighten her into having sex with him. All three stanza's in the poem represent a different time frame. The first gives his mistress a feeling of unconditional love. He leads her to believe he would give all he has to her as long as time will permit. During the second stanza, Marvell plays on her fear of getting old. He warns her that her beauty isn't everlasting and that she will end up unhappy alone if she doesn't give in. Marvell's use of optimum time, the best time, show's his emotions. He appears to become aggravated. This seems to be his ace in the hole. In my opinion, he uses what he believes to be the dearest thing to her,

Jane Addams- Biography

The argument Addams makes that â€Å"educational matters are more democratic in their political than in their social aspect† (197), I believe she is referring to the long struggle between the teachers and the Chicago School Board. The Chicago School Board was politically corrupt. Many of the teachers and custodial engineers were friends of politicians who secured their positions in exchange for certain kickbacks. The school board maintained control over the school administration for many years. During which they restricted the types of children that were able to attend the public schools and they restricted the amount of freedom and authority the teachers were able to use in their classrooms. On several different occasions the â€Å"Dunne† members of the board attempted to lower the restriction on the teachers side but were warned-off with tales of the politicians and the difficulties previous attempts encountered. Addams' describes the situation between the superintendent and the Teachers' Federation as â€Å"an epitome of the struggle between efficiency and democracy† (171). She clearly understood both standpoints and why they both felt compelled to make their argument, although she does mention that they both â€Å"inevitably exaggerated the difficulties of the situation† (171). As a member of the school board, Addams tried to influence the Federation to make changes that would be in the best interest of the children, but after the legal struggle and following months of constant change, many of the important measure were withdrawn. Although she did have an opportunity to debate these measures in a democratic way, they were dismissed because of (more or less) political reasons. Jane Addams' role for education in an effort to reform the city was to take the disruptive delinquents the public schools rejected and accept them unconditionally into the settlement. Give them the opportunity to learn domestic training and trade teachings. She felt that even people of lesser means were interested in the same topics as the â€Å"well-to-do† people of society. She also thought that if you give a child encouragement and a sense of self-worth combined with an opportunity to become something in society that they would try to become productive. Hull-House offered educational opportunities for anyone who wanted to attend with no political or economic restrictions. Hull-House also offered the opportunity for recreation, such as supervised sports matches, which hundreds of youths seemed to prefer. Jane Addams' makes an important statement that â€Å"The educational activities of a Settlement, as well as its philanthropic, civic, and social undertakings, are but differing manifestations of the attempt to socialize democracy, as is the very existence of the Settlement itself,† (206). That illustrates her idea of education, which I believe is what she wanted for the public school system, but was unable to achieve while she was a member of the board.

Media Portrayal of Transgender Characters Essay example

The depiction of transgender women characters in mainstream television has been offensive, insulting and derogatory. An article from GLADD called â€Å"Victims or Villains: Examining Ten Years of Transgender Images on Television†, examines 102 episodes and storylines on mainstream television that contained transgender characters since 2002. Of these, more than half were characterized as containing negative representations of transgender. In 2007 only 1% of television series had a recurring transgender character, which has slowly increased to 4% in 2013. Negative portrayal of transgender tv characters Many television shows have transgender characters portrayed offensively, which clearly demonstrates a widespread problem. Transgender†¦show more content†¦During an episode of The Cleveland Show a man sleeps with a character who turns out to be transgender and is literally sickened by this fact. Although not a television show, The Crying Game is partially responsible for bringing this idea to the general public. Serano references this movie in â€Å"Whipping Girl†, which shows a similar repulsed reaction when the character reveals she is physically male. Serano also states â€Å"the media hypersexualizes us by creating the impression that most trans women are sex workers or sexual deceivers† (Serano, 16). They are either deceptive by tricking us with their penises, or they are pathetic and ugly, which makes them look like a failed woman. CSI featured a transgender serial killer in one episode. Stryker calls these â€Å"psycho-killer-in-a-dress stereotypes†. To make matters worse there were scenes in which transgender murder victims were ridiculed by the show’s main characters while investigating the crime scene and examining their bodies. The victim’s gender identity became the butt of a joke. But while the trans community is being represented as killers, they are also the ones who are being murdered. Media has a habit of â€Å"telling the world a story that transgender people are always victims or villains, instead of true depictions that show the transgender community as citizens worthy of equality and respect† (Kane, 2013). Positive portrayal Finding positiveShow MoreRelatedLGBT Community and Discrimination.1291 Words   |  6 Pagesthough not always due to actual hatred of the LGBT community, but rather through lack of knowledge and poor media portrayal. Media portrayal of the LGBT community is varying. It may be very positive and a â€Å"good† portrayal or negative and instead focuses on the stereotypical aspects of the LGBT community. One definition of a good LGBT television portrayal is one that depicts an LGBT character without over glaringly obviousness of their sexual orientation, or without adding many LGBT stereotypes thatRead MoreTransitioning to a Better State: Orange is the New Black by Piper Kerman2026 Words   |  9 Pages The LGBT community is a group that often falls victim to negative stereotyping. LGBT is an acronym for Lesbian Gay Bisexual and Transgender that categorizes a community of individuals that are a part of the sexual minority (Swain, 2007). One community that falls under the umbrella of the LGBT acronym is the transgender community. This community consists of transgender individuals, a general term to describe those who do not conform to typical gender roles, transsexuals who desire to be recogni zedRead MoreHow Media Presents Gender And Gender Issues1598 Words   |  7 Pagesepisodes on a week to week, last minute basis, and as a result their content is extremely relevant and at the forefront of popular culture. In its most recent season, South Park aired an episode called â€Å"Cissy†. This episode is very relevant to how media presents gender and gender issues. It portrays these issues in both traditional and nontraditional ways, and even though jokes are made regarding gender issues, the satirical nature of the show serves a purpose of keeping social issues a current topicRead MoreThe Representation Of Women s Miss Representation1070 Words   |  5 Pagessocially, but also politically. The media is a large part in the outburst of wrong messages being sent about women in society. The documentary argues that women in the media are portrayed derogatively, that what is portrayed in the media isn’t reality. In the documentary they give the example of how women who take leading roles are portrayed as controlling, bitchy, and demanding. Majority of movies that contain a women as a leading roles make sure to have a male character present to help balance out theRead MoreThe Movie About Ray Directed By Gaby Dellal967 Words   |  4 Pagesmore LGBTQ+ characters in today s media, society is starting to branch out and accept new identities that they were not familiar with beforehand. This new representation comes with benefits, from showing true-to-life portrayals of LGBTQ+ people, and drawbacks such as being misrepresented. One of the most recent works revolving around this topic is the upcoming movie About Ray directed by Gaby Dellal which is supposed to hit theatres this November. The film tells the story of a transgender boy as heRead MoreLgbt Community s Endeavor For Equality998 Words   |  4 Pagespopularity in the fight for equal rights, LGBT culture has struggled to find a place in mainstream media. Within the community itself, there is an underrepresentation of LGBT individuals. In particular, transgender individuals are underrepresented and more negatively portrayed in media than other members of the LGBT community. There was a lack of easily accessible information regarding transgender individuals. The sources in this paper use the terms â€Å"gay,† â€Å"lesbian,† â€Å"LGB,† and â€Å"LGBT/Q†. For theRead MoreA Review Of Gaming s Lgbt Representation1115 Words   |  5 PagesJust like you are.† The Iron Bull finishes. Above is a conversation between two characters in Bioware’s 2014 smash hit RPG, Dragon Age Inquisition. This conversation took the transgendered community by storm. Krem, second-in-command to the mercenary group ‘The Bull’s Chargers’, is a man born a woman, and a hero to many transgender gamers. Transgendered people are often grossly misrepresented in entertainment media. They are made a mockery of through cheesy cross-dressers or over-exaggerated, stereotypedRead MoreTrans Representation Of Modern Society And Western Multimedia1899 Words   |  8 Pagesthe news recently for a distasteful portrayal of a trans (gender non-conforming) individual in his one star movie, Zoolander 2 (Deen, 2015, p.2; â€Å"Zoolander 2,† 2016, p. 1). In, June 2015, former olympic athlete, Caitlyn Jenner, came out as transgender, spreading her wings for the first time on the cover of Vanity Fair, titled â€Å"Call me Caitlyn† (Lowder, 2015, p. 1). As for North Ca rolina, anybody who reads the news knows about their strict, anti-transgender, bathroom policies as of late. The patternRead MoreGender Is A Very Hot Button Issue In 2017 America. 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I believe that family and religion has had the least impact on my sexual values. My parents never talked to me and my younger brother about sex or sexuality. Although my

Harriet Tubm The Most Influential Women Of All Time

Not many people are capable of defying the rolls of society but that did not stop Harriet Tubman. Not only was Tubman the bravest woman in history, she was an African American slave who overcame adversity. Tubman escaped and not only made a better life for herself, but made a difference in hundreds of other African Americans lives. Tubman risked her own safety and freedom to help other African American’s reach their freedom. Tubman taught us that no matter who you are, where you come from, or what you look like, you can change the world if you have the right intentions. Harriet’s determination to get freedom for herself, family, and all other African Americans was truly inspiring. Tubman went against all odds and managed to save so many†¦show more content†¦By the time Tubman reached age eleven her owners sold her to a woman named Miss Susan. Miss Susan used Harriett too take care of her baby and clean the house. Harriett was often beaten by Miss Susan if the h ouse was not clean but Tubman was eventually returned back to her original home. Tubman’s scars would be with her the rest of her life. In one article it wrote â€Å"Harriet was at a store when she encountered a runaway slave and when the slaves overseer demanded her to help restrain a runway and refused, the overseer throw a two pound weight at her head and caused her to have seizures, severe headaches, and intense dreams that Tubman that we insisted were religious experiences.† That incident would affect Tubman her whole life, getting constant migraines and having seizes. Harriet’s faith in God started from a very young age. From the very beginning Tubman’s life was not easy and she knew that she could not live like that forever. Around the year of 1849 Harriet’s owners died of an illness and she decided to escape with her two brothers. When Tubman suggested to her husband about her idea to run away he refused to even acknowledge the idea and told her he would tell the authorities where she was headed if she tried to leave.Tubman did not let that stop her. One night Tubman had to sneak out of bed in the middle of the night to leave because she was scared he would betray her. A little while into their journey

The Communication Skills, Style And Effectiveness Of...

Introduction Overview: In this report, I am going to discuss the communication skills, style and effectiveness of different famous personalities, analyze these communication skills, styles by watching the videos of their speeches and compare them with other person on the basis of verbal and non-verbal communication so as to evaluate professional communication aspects. This report will cover two famous personalities, one will be famous politician and other will be famous CEO. At last we will conclude the communication skills and styles that are required to become a successful leader or businessman. For doing this analysis, I will refer to various videos of their speeches, articles, blogs, etc. Selected Famous Person: †¢ From List A: Nelson†¦show more content†¦He became South Africa’s president in 1994 and retired in 1999. At the age of 95, he died on 5th December, 2013 due to lung infection. In honour of Nelson Mandela, 18th July is celebrated as Mandela Day for the promotion of global peace. †¢ From List B: Steve Jobs (Apple) Steve Jobs born on 24th February, 1955 in California was an American Businessman, inventor and marketer. He was the co-founder of Apple Corporation founded on 1st April, 1979 and also served as CEO and chairman of this company. He was also the co-founder of Pixar Animation Studios and founder of NeXT Inc. He has also proved himself as hacker. The company has developed a number of revolutionary technologies such as iPhone, iPad under his guidance. His company launched iPod in 2001, iPhone in 2007 and iPad in 2010. He also put his credit in movies like Toy Story, etc. In year 1998, Steve jobs work hard to bring apple Corporation from bankrupt to most valuable product of the world. He died on 5th October, 2011 after a long fight against pancreatic cancer. Purpose: The purpose of this report is to analyze the communication styles, skills and effectiveness of the famous personalities so as to evaluate professional communication aspects. This will help us to understand the issues on their communication styles, skills and effectiveness. It will help us to understand the communication skills which will be required for a good leader or a businessman. Identification of

Modern for Productivity of Construction - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theModern Construction for Productivity of Construction. Answer: Introduction This research on the topic, productivity of construction project simply expounds on labor productivity which is the unit of work produced per man- hour and low productivity in Modern construction is felt in case there is inefficient management of constructions available for construction and that is why in order to obtain an income from any construction project, it is essential to have a good controlling hand on the productivity factors that contribute in the integrated production structure like cash flow and labor. This topic entails subtopics such as; Achieving smarter, better and cheaper What is pre-construction effectiveness What is on-site construction effectiveness Why peer benchmarks are critical Modern Construction Contract Lifting pre-competitive innovation Achieving smarter, better and cheaper Adwera, P., 2006. Reaction of Federal Agencies to The Business Roundtables. Melbourne: Pearson. Adweras book states that in modern construction, the contractors come out with constructions which are smarter, better and cheaper. To achieve these during constructions, there are a number of factors to consider in order to acquire affordable houses such as using leverage land since land is one of the biggest drivers of cost during construction of houses, building houses incrementally is another factor whereby there is setting up a basic house with a roof that can easily accept additions, whenever they can be afforded by the inhabitants(Adwera, 2006, p. 147). The contractors also use time-tested methods to construct cheap houses and this idea was borrowed from Caribbean. Pre-construction effectiveness Bennett, L., 2007. The Management of Construction: A Project Life Cycle Approach. Bendigo: Thomson- Reauters. Burkitt, R., 2011. Modern Housing Techniques: Interim Report to [the] Minister for Housing and Construction. Perth: Australian Government Publishing Service. Bennett states that the pre-construction involves the planning and designing phase of the construction and in this process, the contractor is involved and as a result of its involvement in this phase of the project, several positive impacts are seen such as enhancement of constructability design and access to real-time pricing information(Bennett, 2007, p. 189). This phase also includes pre-construction services namely, administrative associated, cost related, schedule related and design related. Burkitt also states mentioned that the pre-construction effectiveness is realized when the contractor is involved in the business during the design phase which is a major benefit of this phase in modern construction projects. The impact of pre-construction in a modern construction is that it helps the project to accomplish its standard goalkeeping a project on time and on budget thus minimizing difficult and unforeseen challenges(Burkitt, 2011, p. 268). On-site effectiveness Hira, A., 2014. Project Management: Techniques in Planning and Controlling. Brisbane: Adventure Works Press. Majrouhi, J., 2011. Automated Management of Construction Projects. Perth: Simon Schuster. Hira in his book seek to define the on-site effectiveness more so in modern construction projects. The on-site effectiveness is enhanced by smartphone, together with mobile computing technology which provides contractors or construction engineers with extraordinary opportunities assisting in improving the existing processes of on-site construction management(Hira, 2014, p. 217). Majrouhi in his book states that capitalizing on smartphone help in developing the effectiveness of on-site management but the system focuses on three important functions namely, real-time information sharing, task management, monitoring of the site and on-site management(Majrouhi, 2011, p. 187) Why peer benchmarks are critical Pica, M., 2015. Project Life Cycles Economics: Cost Estimation and Management. Sydney: Wolters Kluwer. Riley, P., 2004. Construction Technology 2: Industrial and Commercial Building. Michigan: Palgrave Macmillan. Pica in his book states that in modern construction, per benchmarking is an effective management tool and it is critical since it tells the company performance and where improvement is needed. In case ability to pay long-term debt is rising then, benchmarking will help in alerting the construction company so that what is taking place can be detected and brought back to proper alignment and this done by internal benchmarking(Pica, 2015, p. 258). On the other hand, external benchmarking helps one to understand how other construction companies are performing. In Rileys book, it is stated that construction practices vary across the country and that is why national benchmarking may not be helpful for a contractor working regionally or locally. In existing constructions benchmarking models have four basic limitations in case, they are used to carry out analysis of the firm. The first limitation is that the present benchmarking is project-specific(Riley, 2004, p. 179). Secondly, measuring of managerial and technological impacts which attribute to the performance of the firm is not done by benchmarking, third, trade-off between different the dissimilar metrics of performance are not taken care of with the current benchmarking and lastly, lack of relationship on the performance of matrices and how much was expended from them. Under previous benchmarking models, there are three construction benchmarking models namely; Fisher et al Benchmarking Model Hudson and CII Benchmarking model Construction Best Practice Program Benchmarking model(Riley, 2004) Modern construction contract Hira, A., 2014. Project Management: Techniques in Planning and Controlling. Brisbane: Adventure Works Press. Austroads Limited, E. C., 2013. Building and Construction Procurement Guide: Principles and Options. Paris: Austroads Limited. Hira stated that the disputes mostly experienced in construction and the main purpose of the contract law is to formalize all the transactions and during contract planning, two processes are involved which are important namely communication and definition of goals(Hira, 2014). A parallel progress towards a modern construction and identification of steps that are being made in order to avoid other contract are done. There are numerous requirements in modern construction contract such as; Dealing fairly with other parties Teamwork and the win-win solution more so to the problems that may arise Simple language and note for guidance and this enable people who are not used to formal contracts and even those whose first language is not English. Separations of roles and in this case the manager of the project, contract administrator, and adjudicator roles should be clearly separated Allocation of risks and the risk to be chosen should be appropriate for every project Payments, where the period within payment should be made to all participants, are set clearly. Faster dispute solution where all steps are listed clearly showing how to solve disputes in case they arise(Austroads Limited, 2013). Lifting pre-competitive innovation Rumane, A. R., 2013. Quality Toolsfor Managing Construction Projects. Adelaide: HarperCollins. Valence, G., 2011. Modern Construction Economics: Theory and Application. Adelaide: Routledge. In both the Rumanes and Valences books, it is stated that in the delivery of modern construction project, the establishment of common measure and pre-competitive innovation becomes a baseline that needs all stakeholders in the industries to access their next opportunities. Modern constructions require constructions researchers and academics to assist in making way for game changers and adaptors. Currently, the two forces assisting in global construction industries are the offsite and industrialization of constructions that is why in the delivery of modern construction projects is the need of product innovation to assist in reshaping organizations(Rumane, 2013, p. 347). In new modern construction initiatives and innovations are seen as a facilitator to the new construction methods. Computation of cloud and digital connectivity are used to connect the processes, user, and factory via disrupting technologies. Industry 4.0 concept permits the contractors with better information which wil l assist them in planning, building, and maintaining of buildings efficiently(Valence, 2011, p. 217). Bibliography Adwera, P., 2006. Reaction of Federal Agencies to The Business Roundtables. Melbourne: Pearson. Austroads Limited, E. C., 2013. Building and Construction Procurement Guide: Principles and Options. Paris: Austroads Limited. Beckett, C., 2012. Rammed Earth Construction: Cutting-Edge Research on Traditional and Modern Rammed Earth. Sydney: CRC Press. Bennett, L., 2007. The Management of Construction: A Project Life Cycle Approach. Bendigo: Thomson- Reauters. Burkitt, R., 2011. Modern Housing Techniques: Interim Report to [the] Minister for Housing and Construction. Perth: Australian Government Publishing Service. Greenhalgh, B., 2013. Introduction to Estimating for Construction. Gold Coast: IEEE Publishing Group. Hess, S., 2007. Design Professionalism and Construction Manager Law. Melbourne: McGraw- Hill Education. Hira, A., 2014. Project Management: Techniques in Planning and Controlling. Brisbane: Adventure Works Press. Majrouhi, J., 2011. Automated Management of Construction Projects. Perth: Simon Schuster. Pica, M., 2015. Project Life Cycles Economics: Cost Estimation and Management. Sydney: Wolters Kluwer. Riley, P., 2004. Construction Technology 2: Industrial and Commercial Building. Michigan: Palgrave Macmillan. Rumane, A. R., 2013. Quality Toolsfor Managing Construction Projects. Adelaide: HarperCollins. Valence, G., 2011. Modern Construction Economics: Theory and Application. Adelaide: Routledge.